Real Time Systems

Definition, Hard, Soft and Firm Real Time System, Real Time Vs. Embedded System, Timing Constraints, Application of Real Time System, Brief Survey of Real Time Programming: Ada 95, C, C++, C#, Fortran, Java, Occam 2, Special Real-Time Languages

Processor and Resources, Temporal Parameters of Real-Time Workload, Periodic and Aperiodic Task Model, Precedence Constraints and Data Dependency, Other Dependencies, Functional Parameters, Resource Parameters of Jobs and Parameters of Resources

Clock Driven Scheduling – Definition, Notations and Assumption, Scheduler Concepts, General Scheduling Structure, Cyclic Executives. Priority Driven Scheduling Notations and Assumption, Fixed Priority Verses Dynamic Priority, Fixed Priority Scheduling Algorithms (RM and DM) and their Schedulability Analysis, Concept of Schedulability Tests – Inexact and Exact Schedulability Tests for RM and DM, Optimality of the RM and DM Algorithms, Practical Factors.

Aperiodic Task Scheduling: Assumption and Approaches, Server Based and Non-Server Based Fixed Priority Scheduling Algorithms: Polling Server, Deferrable Server, Simple Sporadic Server, Priority Exchange, Extended Priority Exchange, Slack Stealing. Introduction to Scheduling of Flexible Computations: Flexible Applications, Imprecise Computation Model and Firm Deadline Model. Introduction to Scheduling of Flexible Computations –Flexible Applications, Imprecise Computation Model and Firm Deadline Model.

Process Stack Management, Multiple-Stack Arrangements, Memory Management in the TaskControl-Block Model, Swapping, Overlays, Block or Page Management, Memory Locking, Working Sets, Real-Time Garbage Collection, Contiguous File Systems\n146

Assumptions on Resources and their Usage, Effects of Resources Contention and Resource Access Control, Non Preemptive Critical Sections, Basic Priority-Inheritance Protocol, Basic PriorityCeiling Protocol, Stack-Based, Priority-Ceiling (Ceiling-Priority) Protocol, Use of Priority-Ceiling Protocol In Dynamic-Priority System, Preemption-Ceiling Protocol, Controlling Accesses to Multiple-Unit Resources, Controlling Concurrent Accesses to Data Objects

Challenges in Analyzing Real-Time Systems, Performance Analysis: Analysis of Round-Robin Systems, Response-Time Analysis for Fixed-Period Systems, Response-Time Analysis: RMA Example, Analysis of Sporadic and Aperiodic Interrupt Systems, Performance Optimization: Compute at Slowest Cycle, Scaled Numbers, Binary Angular Measure, Optimizing Memory Usage; Analysis of Memory Requirements; Reducing Memory Utilization: Variable Selection, Memory Fragmentation

Introduction, Model of Real-Time Communication, Real Time Traffic Model, Real Time Connections and Service Disciplines, Priority – Based Service Disciplines for Switched Network, Weighted Round-Robin Service Disciplines, Medium Access-Control Protocols of Broadcast Networks, Internet and Resource Reservation Protocols, Real-Time Protocol